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As of 2013, roughly 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, classified in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is divided into the following clade and family groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species have been limited to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1. )

Most worker and soldier termites are blind as they do not own a set of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes that they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. useful reference Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly like this in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a short amount of time, so that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which is present in species which climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding other nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.